General homomorphic encryption (16 Jun 2009)
If you've heard of Hal Finney, the following quote should be enough to get you to read: his explanation of the recent homomorphic encryption paper:
This is IMO one of the most remarkable crypto papers ever. Not only does it solve one of the oldest open problems in cryptography, the construction of a fully homomorphic encryption system, it does so by means of a self-embedding technique reminiscent of Godel's theorem.